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Bere (grain)
Bere, pronounced "bear," is a six-row barley currently cultivated mainly on 5-15 hectares of land in Orkney, Scotland. It is also grown on Shetland, Caithness and on a very small scale by a few crofters on some of the Western Isles, ''i.e.'' North Uist, Benbecula, South Uist, Islay and Barra. It is probably Britain's oldest cereal in continuous commercial cultivation.
Bere is a landrace adapted to growing on soils of a low pH and to a short growing season with long hours of daylight, as found in the high latitudes of northern Scotland. It is sown in the spring and harvested in the summer. Because of its very rapid growth rate it is sown late but is often the first crop to be harvested. It is known locally as "the 90-day barley."
==Etymology==
Originally ''bere'' or ''beir'' or ''bear'' was a generic Lowland Scots word for barley of any kind, and was used throughout the country. Now it is used mainly in the north of Scotland.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=''Dictionary of the Scots Language'': "DSL - SND1 BEAR, BERE, Beer, Bar" )〕〔Smout, T.C. (1972) ''A History of the Scottish People 1560-1830'' p114〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=''Dictionary of the Scots Language'': "DSL - DOST Bere, Beir" )〕 It often referred to barley of a lower yield, and the phrase "bear meal marriage" usually meant one that would not bring much wealth with it.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=''Dictionary of the Scots Language'': "DSL - SNDS BEAR" )〕 Talking of the wide variety of crops in England, and crop rotation, Professor T.C. Smout writes: "''In Scotland, there is no evidence of such variation possibly because the range of crops was so much smaller — often only oats or bear (a primitive form of barley)''".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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